中国农村集体经济之危与化解之道——读马克思《给维·伊·查苏利奇的复信》的启示

The danger of rural collective economy in China and its solution: The enlightenment of reading Marx's The Reply Letter to Vzea Zasulich

马克思在《给维·伊·查苏利奇的复信》中对俄国农村公社历史命运的两条可能道路做了详尽分析。尽管140多年前的俄国农村公社与当代中国农村集体经济在时空与性质上差异巨大,但马克思在复信中的理论观点与分析方法对于当下中国农村集体经济面临的危机及化解之道仍有重要的镜鉴意义。一方面,充分发挥农村集体经济中的集体因素,加强"统"的功能,把农民重新组织起来,抱团发展,参与市场经济竞争;另一方面,通过自上而下的财政转移支付,完善农村基础设施建设,为农村集体经济发展筑牢坚实的硬件基础。

Marx analyzed the two possible road of Russian rural commune,s historical destiny in The Reply Letter to Vzea Zasulichin detailedly.Although the Russian rural commune is very different with contemporary Chinese rural collective economy in time and space,but Marx,s theory and analysis method in the reply still have important reference significances for resolving the crisis of rural collective economy in China.On one hand,making full use of the collective factors of rural collective economy,it strengthens the^integration”function,and also reorganizes peasants to participate in market economy competition.On the other hand,through the top-down financial transferringpayment,improving the rural infrastructure construction can build a solid hardware base for the rural collective economy,s development.