基于GIS的牧场载畜量评估系统设计与实现

Design and implementation on pasture livestock carrying capacity evaluation system based on GIS

我国北方草地资源过牧现象和荒漠化严重,在数字化牧场管理方面,目前尚处在理论研究阶段,还未有一套完善的牧场管理系统推广使用。为提高数字化牧场管理水平,合理利用草地资源,利用载畜量预估模型对草地进行载畜量预估和载畜平衡预估,设计并实现牧场畜牧量评估系统。以呼伦贝尔谢尔塔拉国营农牧场为研究示范区域,基于组件GIS开发技术对草地管理、载畜量预估与载畜平衡评价进行研究。系统开发了牧场载畜量预估、载畜平衡评价、专题图生成等功能模块,如,实现了用户选择地块输入牲畜日食量、放牧天数预估该地块理论载畜量,以及通过用户输入基本放牧情况评价当前选择地块或整个牧场载畜平衡情况等核心功能。研究结果表明,该系统能够满足数字化牧场管理需求,辅助谢尔塔拉国营农牧场进行经营决策,可以对今后数字化经营牧场管理系统研究提供一些指导性意见。

Overgrazing in Northern China is a serious problem,leading to grassland resource desertification.With respect to digital rangeland management,China is still in the theoretical stage,and has not set up a sound management system to promote the use of pasture.To improve digital pasture management and rational use of grassland resources,this study estimated the carrying capacity and pasture load balance of grazing plots using the stocking model.Based on the results,a system was designed and implemented to assess the amount of pasture-based livestock.Based on the GIS development technology and the demonstration area of Tara state farm in Hulun Buir(study area),the study on the management of grassland,forecast of stocking capacity,and evaluation of livestock balance were carried out.The users of the system can estimate the land carrying capacity by the input of data related to the selection of land animals intake and grazing days.Furthermore,they can evaluate stocking balance of plots they choose.The results showed that the system can meet the demands of digital pasture management,assist Tara Rochelle state-owned farms to make decisions,and provide some significant guidance for the future research on the management of pasture management system.