肥料运筹对机穴播水稻群体生长效应及产量的影响

Effect of fertilizer application on the yield and population growth of mechanical hill-seeding rice

采用速效氮肥及与缓释肥配伍的肥料运筹方式,对精量机穴播杂交粳稻‘花优14’的群体生长效应及产量进行了研究。结果表明:等氮条件下,尿素与缓释肥配伍处理的水稻全生育期比尿素单施处理增加10—11 d,株高日增长量在拔节至孕穗期明显高于尿素单施处理,至成熟期株高比尿素单施处理增加(4.03±0.48)cm。拔节期后,尿素与缓释肥配伍处理的水稻群体生物量积累量占各自总生物量的比例及叶面积指数(LAI)均高于尿素单施处理。抽穗后,尿素与缓释肥配伍处理的水稻剑叶叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)在达到高峰后下降缓慢,而尿素单施处理SPAD则下降较快。氮素对水稻主茎总叶片数具有明显的促进效应,处理N_2、N_3、N_5和N_7均比处理N_0、N_1和N_4增加1张叶片;氮素与产量拟合方程分析显示,水稻产量随施氮量增加而递增,但超过311.47 kg∕hm^2阈值有减产风险。等氮条件下,产量均为尿素与缓释肥配伍处理显著高于尿素单施处理,其中处理N6产量最高,达到(11 837.25±327.12)kg∕hm^2。产量构成因素分析表明,氮素对产量构成因素影响大小依次为单位面积内有效穗数、穗粒数、结实率和粒重。等氮处理的水稻有效穗数和结实率均为尿素与缓释肥配伍处理高于尿素单施处理,其中处理N_5与N_1以及处理N_6与N_2间的有效穗数差异显著,处理N1与N7间结实率差异显著。每穗实粒数以处理N_2最高,极显著高于其他处理。

The yield and population growth of precision mechanical hill-seeding hybrid rice‘Huayou 14’(Japonica)were studied by means of fertilizer application of available nitrogen fertilizer and slow-release fertilizer.The results showed that under the same nitrogen level,the rice whole growth period of the combined treatment of urea and slow-release fertilizer increased by 10-11 d compared with that of urea treatment.The daily growth of plant height was significantly higher than that of urea treatment at jointing to booting stage,and the plant height increased by(4.03±0.48)cm compared with urea treatment.After jointing stage,the proportion of rice biomass accumulation to total biomass and leaf area index(LAI)treated with urea and slow release fertilizer were all higher than those of urea treatment.After heading,the relative chlorophyll content(SPAD)of rice flag leaves decreased slowly after reaching the peak of the treatment with urea and slow release fertilizer,while the SPAD of urea treatment decreased faster.Nitrogen had a significant effect on the total leaf number of the main stem of rice.The treatment of N2,N3,N5 and N7 increased 1 leaves than N0,N1 and N4.The analysis of nitrogen and yield fitting equation showed that the rice yield increased with the increase of nitrogen application,but the 311.47 kg∕hm2 threshold had the risk of reducing yield.Under the same nitrogen condition,the yield of combined treatment of urea and slow-release fertilizer was all higher than that of urea treatment.The yield of N6 treatment was the highest,reaching(11 837.25±327.12)kg∕hm2.The analysis of yield components showed that the order of the effect of nitrogen on yield components was effective panicles per unit area,spike grain number,seed setting rate and grain weight.The effective panicles and the seed setting rate of combined treatment of urea and slow-release fertilizer were higher than those of urea treatment under the same nitrogen level.There were significant differences in the effective panicles between the treatment of N5 and N1 and the treatment N6 and N2,and the difference of seed setting rate between N1 and N7 was significant.The spike grain number of N2 was the highest,which was significantly higher than that of other treatment.