气力式水稻精量穴直播排种器排种性能试验

Performance of Pneumatic Precision Hill-drop Drilling Seed Metering Device of Rice

为适应水稻大田精量穴直播的农艺要求,设计一种气力式水稻芽种精量穴直播排种器,该排种器采用推杆、凸轮和梳种条可改善水稻芽种的流动性,排种盘上周向均布有10组群组吸孔,每组包含3个吸孔,可同时吸附2~4粒稻种,芽种损伤小,可满足水稻大田精量穴直播的种植要求。为探究影响精量排种器排种性能的因素并获得因素的最优组合,以黄花占稻种为播种对象,采用单因素试验与两因素三水平全组合重复试验设计方法,对气力式水稻芽种精量排种器进行了排种性能试验研究。单因素试验研究结果表明吸室负压与排种盘转速对穴粒数合格指数、重播指数均产生显著影响,对穴粒数漏播指数存在影响,但影响不显著;充种区稻种堆端面高度对合格指数影响非常显著,当充种区芽种堆高度大于9cm时,有利于改善气力式排种器的充种性能,其穴粒数合格指数均大于80%。两因素三水平全组合重复试验研究结果表明吸排种盘转速X、吸室负压Y均对气力式水稻芽种精量排种器穴粒数漏播指数、合格指数产生显著影响,对穴粒数重播指数影响非常显著,当吸室负压Y为4.5k Pa,排种盘转速X为10r·min^(-1)时,气力式精量排种器排种性能最佳,其穴粒数合格指数为92.5%;穴粒数漏播指数仅为6.3%。该研究可为气力式水稻精量排种器的设计与精量排种性能的提高提供参考。

In order to meet agronomic requirement of planting rice budded seeds in dry land,a pneumatic seed metering device for rice budded seeds was designed based on the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomic technology and the seeding principle of air suction-air blowing.The seed metering device used cam,pushing rod and combing strips to solve the mobility problem of rice budded seeds.The seeding plate which had groups of suction holes could absorb 2~4 rice budded seeds.The influence factors on seeding performance for precision seed metering device were studied and the optimal combination of parameters was obtained in an experiment withrice variety Huanghuazhan as experimental material in single factor experiment and two-factors three-levels combination experiment.The single factor experiment showed that the vacuum degree in suction chamber and the rotational speed of seed metering both played a significant influence on the qualified rate and resowing rate.The influence on leakage sowing rate was not significant.When the height of seed stack was more than 9cm,the qualified rate of the seed metering device was all more than 80%,which could improve the working performance of the seed metering device.The combination experiment indicated that the rotational speed of seed metering and the vacuum degree in suction chamber both played a significant influence on the qualified rate and the leakage sowing rate,when the vacuum degree was 4.5kPa,the rotational speed was 10r·min-1,the performance of seed metering device was the best,with qualified rate of 92.5%and leakage sowing rate of 6.3%.This study provided a reference for the design and improving seeding performance of pneumatic precision seed metering device.