杂种优势的应用及基因表达的特点

Application of Heterosis and Its Gene Expression Characteristics

杂种优势在动植物育种中得到广泛应用,然而对杂种优势分子遗传机理的研究还处在初级阶段。随着生物信息学的不断发展,对其基因表达数量和表达模式的研究也就越来越多,因为父母本的不同,杂交子代的基因在数量和功能上都存在明显差异;杂交子代融合基因的表达会发生父母本的偏向性,继而影响其表型;杂交子代中因为父母本印记的差异,导致其性状和功能有所不同。总结了杂交子代中差异基因、融合基因和印记基因的表达情况,为深入理解杂种优势的分子遗传机理提供新的切入点。

Although heterosis has been widely used in plants and animals breeding,the studies aiming at unraveling its molecular and genetic mechanisms are still in their infancy.With the continuous development of bioinformatics,there are increasing researches on its gene expression number and expression pattern.Due to the differences in parents,there are significant variations in the number and function of the hybrid offspring genes.The hybrid progeny fusion gene expression has the parent-of-origin bias and thus affects its phenotype.The differences in parental imprint lead to the varied traits and functions of the hybrid offspring.This article summarizes the expression of differential genes,fusion genes and imprinted genes in hybrid progenies,in hoping to give a new insight for understanding the molecular and genetic mechanism of heterosis.