污染环境罪行政从属性辨析——兼谈本罪的“违反国家规定”

Discrimination on Administrative Subjection to the Crime of Environmental Pollution——Talking about the Crime of "Violating the State Regulations"

《刑法》第338条表面上规定污染环境罪需要以环境行政法及其相关国家规定为前置条件,行为的刑事可罚性依赖于环境行政法律规范的规定,因而污染环境罪具有完全行政从属性,属于行政犯,"违反国家规定"即为从属性标志。然而,陆续出台的环境犯罪司法解释确立了污染环境罪的自然犯特征,本罪并非纯正的行政犯,在部分情形下即使没有违反国家规定也应当将行为纳入刑罚的处罚范围。因此,本罪中"违反国家规定"应作分类解释,以便合理规制不同类型的污染环境行为,避免刑法过早介入或滞后惩罚。

Article 338 of the Criminal Law seemingly stipulates that pollution of the environment should be subject to the prerequisites of environmental administrative law and its relevant state provisions.The criminal penalties for behavior depend on the provisions of environmental administrative law,so the crime of pollution on the environment has full administrative subordination.It belongs to an administrative prisoner and"violation of state regulations"is a sign of subordination.However,judicial interpretations of environmental crimes have successively established some subordinate characteristics of crimes on environmental pollution.This crime is not a pure administrative prisoner.In some cases,even if there is no violation of state provisions,it should be included in the scope of penalties.Therefore,the"violation of state regulations"in this crime should be categorized and explained in order to reasonably regulate different types of environmental pollution and prevent the criminal law from being involved or lagging behind.