合肥市机动车尾气排放特征及分担率的研究

Study on motor vehicle exhaust emission characteristics and contribution rates in Hefei City

针对机动车尾气污染愈发严重的现象,文章通过计算合肥市机动车尾气排放清单,得到合肥市机动车的排放特征以及不同车型的尾气分担率。结果显示:小型客车、大型货车以及大型客车是机动车尾气CO、NOx、HC的主要贡献源;小型客车在CO与HC的分担率分别达到了59.5%和53.8%;重型货车对于NOx的分担率为54.4%。为解决合肥市机动车尾气污染问题,通过设置提高排放标准(high oil replacement,HOR)、淘汰黄标车(eliminating substandard vehicles,ESV)与发展公共交通(public transport priority,PTP)3种控制情景,结果表明,在2020年,对比基准情景(business as usual,BAU),HOR情景的消减率最佳,3种污染物CO、NOx、HC的消减率分别达到了28.8%、33.1%、26.3%。

In view of the phenomenon of increasingly serious motor vehicle exhaust pollution,the motor vehicle exhaust emissions lists in Hefei City were calculated to obtain the exhaust emission characteristics and contribution rates of different models of motor vehicle in Hefei City.The results showed that minibus,large trucks and large buses were the main contribution sources of motor vehicle exhaust emissions such as CO,NO x and HC.The CO and HC contribution rates of minibus reached 59.5%and 53.8%,respectively,and the contribution rate of heavy goods vehicles for NO x reached 54.4%.To solve the problem of motor vehicle exhaust pollution in Hefei City,three control situations including high oil replacement(HOR),eliminating substandard vehicles(ESV)and public transport priority(PTP)were set up.The results showed that compared with business as usual(BAU)baseline situation,the reduction rates of HOR situation were the best,which reached 28.8%,33.1%and 26.3%for three pollutants of CO,NO x and HC,respectively.