“人的时代”诞生的“人学”——苏霍姆林斯基教育哲学初探

An Exploration of Suchomlinsky's Educational Philosophy

苏联卫国战争胜利后,全世界对两次大战巨大灾难的反思,形成了维护人权、弘扬人道精神的共识。苏联国内政治趋于开明,苏共中央提出"一切为了人"的党纲,社会趋向有利于人的全面发展。由此,苏霍姆林斯基做出社会进入"人的时代"的基本判断,并在教育实践探索中形成了自己的"人学"即教育哲学,主要观点有:人具有自然、社会和精神属性,人性具有向善与尚美倾向,人的潜能无穷无尽;教育是"生产人","教育学是人学";学生应是"有权感到自豪的人";教师应成为杰出的"人学家";学校应成为"复杂的人道主义实验室";"人生育人,而劳动则把人造就成真正的人";等等。

Reflections on the catastrophes caused by the two World Wars after the former Soviet Patriotic Wars have promoted formation of the consensus on maintaining human rights and carrying forward humanitarian spirits.When the former Soviet Union had increasingly liberal politics at home,the Central Government proposed the party program of“All is for humans”,indicating that the tendency of society was conducive to human’s well-rounded development.Therefore,Suchomlinsky judged that the society had entered the era of person,and in practice he formulated his own science on humans,that is,educational philosophy,the important views of which are as follows:humans have the attributes of nature,society and spirit,humanity has the tendency of virtue and beauty,and human’s potentials are endless;education is to produce humans,and pedagogy is a science on humans;students should have the right of feeling proud;teachers should become the outstanding experts on humans;schools should become the lab of the complex humanism;and humans breed humans and labor can make humans be a true person.