刘向对董仲舒“天人感应”理论的继承与发展

Liu Xiang's Inheritance and Development of Dong Zhongshu's Theory of “Telepathy Between Heaven and Man”

西汉中期之后,外戚王氏擅政,刘氏政权岌岌可危。作为汉室宗亲的刘向,为了打击王氏,匡正君王的得失,缓和社会矛盾,在董仲舒"天人感应"理论的基础之上,立足于先秦诸家之典籍,并吸收了阴阳家、道家、法家等学派的思想,进而结合西汉时期所流行的阴阳五行学说,构建起了极具时代特色的"灾异学说"。刘氏的灾异思想虽充满了怪诞色彩,但刘向最终将其运用于现实的政治斗争,体现出了重民与治世二者兼采的思想特质。

After the middle Western-Han dynasty,the Wang,the relative of the queen,usurped the political power without permission,as a result,the Liu?s regime was in danger.In order to combat the Wang,rectify the gain and loss of the Kings and moderate social contradictions,Liu Xiang as the clan relative of the Han dynasty,based on Dong Zhongshu?theory of“telepathy between heaven and man”and the Pre-Qin classics,absorbed the thoughts of yin-yang school,Taoist school and the Legalist school,combined with the popular theory of yin-yang and the five elements in the Western Han dynasty,and built the theory of“calamity”with the specific characteristics of the times.Although his theory of“calamity”was full of grotesque color,Liu Xiang finally applied it to the political struggle,which reflected the ideological characteristics of valuing people and administering the country.