《宋元学案》中程颢思想的诠释与评价--兼论二程思想资料的编纂

Annotation and Evaluation of Cheng Hao's Thoughts in Song Yuan Xue An——Also on Data Compilation of Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi's Thoughts

《宋元学案》编纂者在编纂二程的学案时辑录、区分了二程的语录等思想资料,展现了二程各自的思想体系及其主旨,同时表明了推崇程颢的立场倾向。在程颢思想的诠释上,编纂者推崇程颢先识仁而后定性的为学宗旨,指出程颢识仁说的本质是先立本体而后容易下工夫,并阐明了识仁说在宋明理学史上的巨大影响,进而依据循天理的动静、理欲合一论诠释了程颢的定性说。编纂者指出程颢的识仁说与刘宗周的慎独说相通,其致知论是基于天命流行之本心自然由天理贯通万物的过程,作为天人、内外一本的工夫论,与王守仁致良知的本体工夫论相通。编纂者的诠释揭示了程颢与宋代周敦颐及明代心学之思想关联,同时体现了调和二程乃至理学与心学之思想异同的清代浙东学派思想立场。

The editor of Song Yuan Xue An compiled and separated the thoughts and data of Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi,such as their quotations,which better demonstrated the ideological system and the main purpose of them respectively and also showed a tendency of supporting that of Cheng Hao.In the interpretation of his thoughts,the editor advocated his studying tenet of recognizing benevolence first and then the qualitativeness.He pointed out that the essence of Cheng Hao’s view on benevolence is to establish the ontology first and then it’s easy to work hard.Meanwhile,it explained the great influence of his view on the history of science in Song and Ming dynasties.And then the editor illustrated that Cheng Hao’s purpose of study based on the theories of heaven and earth movements and rationality and desire.The editor pointed out that Cheng Hao’s view on benevolence is the same to Liu Zongzhou’s cautiousness,and the theory that it based on is the process of natural things from heaven to earth.As an ontology of heaven and man and internal and external world,its idea is the same to that of Wang Shouren.One the one hand,the editor tried to uncover the connection of the philosophy of mind of Cheng Hao and Zhou Dunyi of Song dynasty and that of Ming dynasty,and at the same time,he revealed the ideological position of Eastern Zhejiang School in the period of Qing Dynasty,which shows the similarities and differences of the ideological ideas between Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi and even the similarities and differences of the ideas between science and philosophy of mind.