0～6岁儿童屈光状态发育规律及屈光异常的相关危险因素分析

Analysis of the Developmental Regularity of Refractive Status,and Risk Factors of Refractive Abnormalities in Children Aged 0～6 Years

目的分析0~6岁儿童屈光状态发育规律及屈光异常的相关危险因素。方法 2015年1月至2017年1月利用随机整群抽样法在本市0~6岁儿童中抽取3410名作为研究对象,利用SureSight自动验光仪检查其屈光状态,对相关因素进行调查,并对结果进行统计分析。结果抽取调查儿童3410名,共6820只眼,其中1901只眼存在屈光状态异常,异常率为27.87%,屈光异常状态多为散光。年龄≥3岁儿童异常情况较为明显,近视程度随年龄加重趋势。危险因素分析:近视与儿童每天观看电视相关;远视及散光与遗传相关;结论儿童每日观看电视时间、父母的视力先天遗传、幼儿时期营养状态等均对儿童后天的屈光状态发育有一定影响。因此,在学龄前为儿童早期实施屈光状态检查,将不良因素消除,可促进儿童视力正常发育。

Objective To analyze the development of refractive state and the risk factors of refractive abnormality in 0~6 year old children.Methods From January 2015 to January 2017,using random cluster sampling method in our city selected 3410 children between 0~6 years old as the research object.Check the refractive status by SureSight autorefractor,and investigate the relevant factors.The results were statistically analyzed.Results A total of 3410 children(6820 eyes)were selected,1901 of them had abnormal refractive status,the abnormal rate was 27.87%,and the refractive status was mostly astigmatism.3 years of age or older children with abnormal situation is more obvious,the degree of myopia with age increasing trend.Analysis of risk factors:myopia is related to children watching TV every day;hyperopia and astigmatism are related to heredity.Conclusion children s daily watching TV time,parents vision congenital inheritance and infant nutrition status have some influence on the diopter development of children after the day after day.Therefore,the implementation of refractive status examination before school age can eliminate the bad factors,which can promote the normal development of children s vision.