探讨临床输血不良反应的发生规律、影响因素及预防措施

To Investigate the Occurrence Regularity, Influencing Factors and Preventive Measures of Adverse Reactions of Clinical Transfusion

目的探讨临床输血不良反应的发生规律、影响因素及预防措施。方法选择我院2015年1月—2016年12月接受输血治疗患者1 000例作为研究对象,对输血后出现不良反应的患者要求填写输血不良反应的汇报单,分析患者的输血记录、不良反应记录、输血种类、输血量、诊断结果、供血者的信息、输血时间、妊娠史等。结果 (1)输注血浆不良反应发生率为10.00%,悬浮红细胞不良反应发生率为8.75%,冷沉淀不良反应发生率为5.00%,其他为0.00%。(2)在输血不良反应的患者中,过敏反应所致的患者共64例,发热反应所致的患者7例;男患者29例,女患者42例;从没输血的患者共13例,1次输血的患者21例,2次以上输血的患者37例。结论悬浮红细胞、冻血浆是主要的应用血液成分,常见的不良反应主要为过敏反应,输血不良反应发生率和患者的输血次数具有密切的关系,与患者的性别无关。为了减少输血不良反应的发生,医务人员应当对输血治疗的风险和安全提高意识,严格按照国家规定的输血规范进行操作,促使操作程序更加规范,最大程度地降低输血不良反应的发生率。

Objective To investigate the occurrence regularity,influencing factors and preventive measures of adverse reactions in clinical transfusion.Methods 1 000 patients received blood transfusion treatment in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2016 were selected as research subjects.Patients who have adverse reactions afterblood transfusion are required to fill in areport on the adverse effects of blood transfusion.The records of the patients'blood transfusion,the record of adverse reactions,the types of blood transfusion,the amount of blood transfusion,the resultsof diagnosis,the information of the donors,the time of blood transfusion,the history of pregnancy and so on.Results(1)The incidence of adverse plasma reaction was 10.00%,that of suspension erythrocyte was 8.75%,that of cold precipitation was 5.00%,and that of others was 0.00%.(2)64 cases of allergic reaction and 7 cases of fever reaction in patients with adverse blood transfusion.29 men and 42 women;There were 13 patients who never received blood transfusion,21 patients who received one transfusion and 37 patients who received more than two transfusions.Conclusion Suspended red blood cells and frozen blood plasma are the main blood components.The common adverse reactions are allergic reactions.The incidence of adverse reactions and the number of blood transfusions are closely related,regardless of sex.In order to reduce the occurrence of adverse blood transfusion reactions,medical personnel should raise their awareness of the risks and safety of blood transfusion treatment,strictly follow the blood transfusion norms set by the State,promote more standard operation procedures and minimize the incidence of adverse blood transfusion reactions.