论陀思妥耶夫斯基文学作品中的“民族疾患”

On the National Disease in Dostoyevsky's Literary Works

陀思妥耶夫斯基对治疗俄国普遍流行的"民族疾患"的思考体现了欧洲文化与斯拉夫文化充满矛盾的复杂过程。陀思妥耶夫斯基始终在西方历史理性主义与俄国东正教信仰、历史与人伦、革命与人道、善与恶的精神困惑中徘徊。陀思妥耶夫斯基没有把俄国东正教信仰作为治疗俄国普遍流行的"民族疾患"的良方,既没有对接受东正教信仰的下层社会贫民,也没有对宣扬东正教信仰的上层社会贵族寄寓改变社会的希望。陀思妥耶夫斯基也没有把西方历史理性主义作为治疗俄国普遍流行的"民族疾患"的良方,尤其怀疑西方历史理性主义孕育出的各种社会思潮,完全否定西方历史理性主义中孕育而出的社会主义。陀思妥耶夫斯基关于俄国普遍流行的"民族疾患"的痛苦思考,是当时俄国进步知识分子的必然使命;陀思妥耶夫斯基痛苦思考的心灵矛盾、精神困惑,是当时俄国进步知识分子的共同境遇。

Dostoyevsky's pondering over the national disease prevalent in Russia was a complex process full of European and Slav cultural conflicts.Dostoyevsky always hesitated amidst the spiritual bewilderment arising from the Western historical rationalism and the Russian faith in the Orthodox Church,history and ethics,revolution and humanity,and good and evil.He never thought that the recipe to treat the national disease was belief in the Orthodox Church,neither catering to the poor people receiving the Russian Orthodox Church nor placing hope on the aristocrats propagating the Russian Orthodox Church to improve the society.He didn't think the recipe to treat the national disease was the Western historical rationalism either,for he doubted in particular the various social trends of thought and entirely denied socialism originating from the Western historical rationalism.