韩非“法术势并用说”驳论

Criticism on the Viewpoint of the Simultaneous Use of Fa-Shu-Shi by the Prince about Han Fei Thought

"法术势并用说"是韩非思想研究的主流观点。它创始于冯友兰,发展于民国,兴盛于现代学术界。然而,"法术势并用说"于韩非著作缺乏文献依据,并非韩非本人的观点,而是后人之发明。造成此说的直接原因是对文献的误读和剪裁。事实上,韩非主张的"任势",就是主张运用"法术"、"赏罚"、"毁誉"。韩非虽然肯定了"势"的重要性,但却否定了"势"的独立性。君主之所以能够善于用势,是因为他善于运用"法术"、"赏罚"、"毁誉"等,离开这些,就无所谓处势、任势。进一步说,基于"法术势并用说"的"法术势核心说"亦难成立。"法术势"理论在创立之初便在研究方法、研究材料、研究内容上存在未经充分论证的预设。总之,韩非思想是"法术并用"而非"法术势并用",其核心是"法术"而非"法术势"。

The Viewpoint of the Simultaneous Use of Fa-Shu-Shi is the mainstream in the the research of Han Fei’s thought.It was founded by Feng Youlan,developed in the Republic of China,and flourished today.However,it is not Han Fei’s viewpoint but the invention of later generations that the the Simultaneous Use of Fa-Shu-Shi lacks direct documentary evidence.The direct cause of this statement is the misreading of the literature.In fact,Han Fei argued that the Use of Shi means the use of Fa-Shu,Reward and Punishment,Praise and Rebuke.Although Han Fei affirmed the importance of Shi,he denied the independence of Shi.The monarch is able to use Shi,because he is good at using Fa-Shu,Reward and Punishment,Praise and Rebuke,and etc.Without these,there is no Shi.Furthermore,it is difficult to establish the theory of Fa-Shu-Shi core based on the Simultaneous Use of Fa-Shu-Shi.The theory of Fa-Shu-Shi has not been fully demonstrated in the research methods,research materials and research contents at the beginning of its establishment.In short,Han Fei‘s thought is the Simultaneous Use of Fa-Shu rather than the Simultaneous Use of Fa-Shu-Shi,while the core concept is Fa-Shu rather than Fa-Shu-Shi.