miRNAs在糖尿病发生中的研究进展

Research Progress of miRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes

微RNA(miRNAs)是一类长度约22个核苷酸的内源性非编码小RNA分子,是基因表达的重要调节因子。miRNAs通过调节细胞增殖、分化、凋亡和免疫反应等生物学过程,广泛参与心血管疾病、糖尿病、高血压、肿瘤等疾病的发生和发展,可作为疾病诊断的新型分子标志物。miRNAs能调控胰岛β细胞的分化,胰岛素的合成与分泌以及胰岛素的信号转导过程,对葡萄糖的摄取和平衡也有调节作用,在糖尿病的发生、发展和并发症的出现中扮演重要角色,是目前糖尿病研究的热点。

MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are small endogenous no-coding RNA molecules with a length of about 22 nucleotides and an important role in the gene expression.miRNAs are widely involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease,diabetes,hypertension,tumor and other diseases through the regulation of cell proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis and immune response and other biological processes,and could be used as novel molecular markers for disease diagnosis.Through regulating the differentiation of isletβcells,insulin synthesis and secretion,insulin signal transduction process,and the glucose uptake and balance,miRNAs play an important role in the occurrence and development of diabetes and complications.Researches in this field are the hot spots during the recent years.