宋代笔记的文体自觉与定型

Stylistic awareness and stereotype of the sketches of the Song Dynasty

在笔记体制演变史上,两宋是其丕变的一个关键转折点。较之以往,两宋笔记独立的文学品性更为明显,文体自觉得到增强:独立著述的身份进一步清晰化、固定化;在目录学分类中,由小说类大量划入杂家类,琐杂的内容特征受到自觉关注。其体式亦多有变革:散文性特征明显,创作视域转向日常、当下,实现了从外向功能向内向功能的转变;确立了第一人称限知的叙事方式与史官式叙事模式,表现出"以文为理"的叙事主题思想。它规范着后世笔记作品创作的范式,塑造了后人对此文体的基本认知。

The North Song Dynasty and the South Song Dynasty saw a critical turning point in the evolution of the style of sketches.Compared with the past,the independent literary quality of the sketches in this period was more obvious,the stylistic awareness was enhanced,and the identity of the independent writers was more clear and established.In terms of the bibliographical category,such sketches were classified into essays rather than fiction,a reflection of the writers’awareness of the miscellaneous contents of such sketches.There was also a kind of stylistic change with a more clear feature of prose and an orientation towards the daily life plus a functional transformation from extroversion to introversion,which helped establish the model of the first person’s limited narration and the official historian’s narration.With this,it standardized the paradigm of the later sketches,and enhanced the basic understanding of this style by later generations.