长链非编码RNA CASC2抑制肿瘤发生发展的研究概况

Long non-coding RNA CASC2 inhibits progression and development of tumor

长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)包括大部分人类DNA的非编码信息,占整个基因组的90%以上。lncRNA由超过200个核苷酸组成,通常缺乏开放阅读框并参与肿瘤的病理生理过程。lncRNA能调控各种肿瘤基因表达、印记、转录和翻译后修饰等。2004年在子宫内膜癌(EC)中首次发现lncRNA癌易感性候选基因2(Cancer susceptibility candidate 2,CASC2)可能是潜在的抑癌基因。而后发现CASC2在诸如宫颈癌、大肠癌、胃癌、肝癌、非小细胞肺癌、肾细胞癌、膀胱癌、神经胶质瘤和甲状腺癌等中都表达下调,而CASC2过表达时能抑制肿瘤细胞增殖,这说明CASC2有抑癌作用。在肾上腺癌等其他肿瘤中CASC2的转录水平不变,表明CASC2的抑癌作用具有组织特异性。本文对CASC2在肿瘤中的抑癌作用及相关机制做一综述。

Long non-coding RNA(IncRN A)includes the non-coding information of most human DN A,accounting for more than 9 0%of the entire genome.LncRNAs consist of more than 200 nucleotides,usually lacking open reading frames and participating in the pathophysiology of the tumor.LncRNA can regulate a variety of tumor gene expression,imprinting,transcription and post-translational processing.LncRNA cancer susceptibility candidate 2(C A SC 2)as a potential tumor suppressor gene was first discovered in the endometrial carcinoma(EC)in 2004.CASC2 was found to be downregulated in tumors such as cervical cancer,colorectal cancer,gastric cancer,liver cancer,non-small cell lung cancer,renal cell carcinoma,bladder cancer,glioma and thyroid cancer,while CASC2 overexpression inhibited tumor cell proliferation.This shows that CASC2 has tumor suppressor effect.In other tumors such as adrenal adenocarcinoma,the transcriptional level of CASC2 remained unchanged,indicating that the tumor suppressor effect of CASC2 is tissue-specific.This review summarizes the research progress of CASC2 in tumor origin,progression,mechanisms,and clinical therapeutic effects.