基层各扶贫主体的互动机制、困境及对策——基于豫北Z村的精准扶贫实践

On interactive mechanism,dilemma and countermeasures of the poverty alleviation subjects——based on the practiceof Z Village in Northern Henan Province

扶贫开发是一个从中央到村庄"一竿到底"的系统工程,治理目标逐级行政发包,最终的实践执行者就在以县为主导的基层体系内。能否实现"精准扶贫"的关键在于基层各扶贫主体的互动样态。研究发现,基层扶贫主体可概括为乡镇驻村工作组、县直帮扶责任人、第一书记及村两委四大类,各扶贫主体的扶贫动力主要来源于两个层面,既包括自上而下的体制压力,又涵盖自下而上的村庄"倒逼机制";其互动机制表现为合作中的"策略主义"及压力考核下的"避责"逻辑,这与精准扶贫实践形成一种"互构"。另一方面,在分析精准扶贫实践的困境基础上,文章认为应突出第一书记在基层扶贫实践中的"桥梁"功效,立足本地资源优势,发展乡村旅游,营造扶贫帮扶的"造血"能力,实现真正意义上的产业扶贫。

Poverty alleviation and development is a systematic project from the central government to the village.The key to achieving"precision poverty alleviation"lies in the interaction between poverty alleviation subjects at the grassroots level.The study found that subjects of poverty alleviation at the grassroots level can be classified as the township work group in villages,the county leader,the first secretary and the village committees;the drive of poverty alleviation mainly come from thr top-down institutional pressures and the bottom-up village"reversing mechanisms";the interactive mechanisms are expressed as"strategicism"in cooperation and the"avoidance"logic under pressure assessment,which forms a"mutual construction"with precision poverty alleviation practices.On the basis of analyzing the dilemma of precision poverty alleviation practice,the article propose highlighting the"bridge"effect of the first secretary,developing rural tourism based on local resources,creating"hematopoietic"to achieve the true industry poverty alleviation.