自由裁量权的运作逻辑及其优化之道——以扶贫政策为例

The operational logic of discretion and its optimization——taking poverty alleviation policy as an example

国家通过出台各项政策的方式来实现社会的有效治理,政策目标的达成有赖于有效的政策执行,政策执行的效果如何很大程度上要取决于基层官僚的自由裁量权的运作。自由裁量权的有效运作有赖于对其的有效监督,减少基层官僚的信息不对称劣势,保证自由裁量权的使用朝着达成政策目标的方向前进。通过对我国从"粗放式"扶贫到"精准扶贫"变迁的过程中,基层官僚自由裁量权的运作分析,指出由于自上而下的行政系统的内部监督以及自下而上的社会监督的缺乏或不完善,导致政策执行效果不佳。在此基础上,提出"协商式"自由裁量权的概念,从自上而下的行政监督与自下而上的社区自主监督相结合的角度,为优化自由裁量权的运作提出了解决之道。

The effective social governance is achieved through the introduction of various policies.The achievement of the policy objectives depends on the effective implementation of policies and the effectiveness of policy implementation depends largely on the operation of grass-roots bureaucrats'discretion.The effective operation of discretion depends on effective supervision,reducing the informationasymmetry superiority of grassroots bureaucrats and ensuring the use of discretion in the direction of achieving the policy goal.Through the analysis of the operation of grass-roots bureaucrats'discretion in China from"extensive"poverty alleviation to"precise poverty alleviation",we point out that the internal supervision of the top-down administrative system and unsufficient or imperfectbottom-up social supervision,resulted in poor policy implementation.On this basis,the concept of"negitiated"discretionion is put forward.From the perspective of top-down administrative supervision and bottom-up community self-supervision,this paper proposes a solution to optimizing the operation of discretionary power.