荀子“分”视角下的人的主体性研究

Human's Subjectivity under the Viewpoint of “Fen” in Xunzi

荀子"分"的观点蕴含强烈的人的主体性思想。在"天人相分"中,荀子认为社会的吉凶治乱由人事决定,并非天的意志;人可以顺应利用天道运行规律,为人类自身服务。在"性伪之别"中,荀子认为人的"情"、"欲"具有正当性和合理性;人的后天努力是建构自身的决定因素。在"人禽之辨"中,荀子认为人具有群体性、能辨性,人有礼义,优于其他动物。荀子"分"视角下人的主体性思想能为现代社会人的异化现象的解决提供一定思路,"分"思想中蕴含的"和"与"中"观点,也是中华文明对世界文明的一大贡献。

The viewpoint of“Fen”in Xunzi discloses the thought of human’s subjectivity.In the separation of heaven and man,Xunzi considers that the order of society is determined by human,not the heaven.The human can adapt to the rules of the heaven to serve themselves.In the difference between nature and nurture,Xunzi believes that human's“emotion”and“desire”have legitimacy and rationality.Man's hard work is the decisive factor in building himself.In the difference between man and animal,Xunzi considers that mankind is superior to other animals for people’s groupment,hierarchy and morality.The human’s subjectivity in the viewpoint of“Fen”can provide some ideas for solving the alienation phenomenon in modern society.The thoughts of“Harmony”and“Doctrine of the Mean”in the“Fen”are great contributions of Chinese civilization to world civilization.