城市紧急疏散集结点人员分配多准则模型研究

A Multi-criteria Model for Personnel Allocation of Urban Emergency Evacuation Rally Points

针对地震等重大突发事件引起的城市人员紧急疏散策略问题,提出了设立紧急疏散集结点,以及一种基于空间替换机制的集结点人员分配多准则模型。考虑到城市人口在空间分布上的不均匀性,该模型对预计受灾人口采用空间单元的形式,进行集结点分配;同时,该模型综合考虑了每个集结点的设计容量、排他性分配、服务范围以及预受灾人员的总行程等因素,以确保每个集结点的设计容量不超限,所有被疏散人员的总行程最小,并尽可能保证每个集结点服务范围具有空间连续性,从而为城市人员紧急疏散提供科学依据和辅助决策。

To solve the urban personnel emergency evacuation strategy caused by major emergencies such as earthquakes,setting emergency evacuation rally points,a multi-criteria model based on space interchange mechanism is proposed.Considering the uneven spatial distribution of urban population,the model distributes the rally points for the pre disaster-affected population by taking the form of space units.At the same time,taking into account of the factors including design capacity of each point,exclusive distribution,service range and pre affected staff travel,the model will ensure that the design capacity of each point is not overrun,the total travel of all evacuees is minimum,and the service range of each point is spatially continuous as far as possible.Which will provide city emergency evacuation a scientific basis for decision making.