新出金文与鄂国史地问题考辨

Textual Research on the Newly Unearthed Bronzes Inscriptions and the History and Geography of E Kingdom

随州安居镇羊子山和南阳夏响铺两地鄂国墓葬的发掘,出土了一批与鄂侯相关的青铜器铭文,证明了西周早中期鄂国的都邑当在安居羊子山一带。由此上溯商代末年,鄂都亦应在此,而非通常所说的河南沁阳。西周夷王时,楚君熊渠所伐之鄂非安居羊子山鄂国都邑,亦非南阳西鄂,而是当时鄂国的别邑,即后世所称的东鄂(今湖北鄂州市)。周厉王早期,鄂侯驭方联合淮夷、东夷发动大规模反叛战争,几经曲折和反复,最后王师伐灭鄂国,少量鄂遗民被迁往河南南阳一带,新封鄂侯以续其祀,夏响铺鄂侯墓地即其遗存。此支鄂国遗民,清华简《系年》称为"小鄂",后世亦称"西鄂"。鄂国作为西周中央王朝的藩属异姓诸侯,由臣服效忠到发动反叛而被诛灭,反映了当时统一贵族国家的结构形式已无法适应时代需要,将被未来历史发展所淘汰。

In recent years,the tombs of E Kingdom were excavated in yangzishan,Anju Town of Suizhou City and Xiaxiangpu Village of Nanyang City,a number of bronzes Inscriptions related to E Hou were unearthed,which prove capital and towns of E Kingdom should be in yangzishan of Anju Town during the early and middle of Western Zhou Dynasty.This dates back to the last years of the Shang Dynasty,capital of E Kingdom should be here,instead of the commonly referred to qinyang of Henan.During Emperor yi of the Western Zhou Dynasty,Xiong Qu,king of Chu Kingdom attacked E Kingdom.The place is not capital and towns of E Kingdom in yangzishan of Anju Town and also not West E in Nanyang of Henan.It is the other town of E Kingdom,that is,known as East E by the future generations(E zhou City of Hubei province).In the early days of Emperor liof the Western Zhou Dynasty,E Hou Yufang of E Kingdom united Huai Yi and East Yi,launched a large-scale rebel war.After several twists,turns and repeatedly,finally E Kingdom was cut off and a small amount of Adherents of E Kingdom were relocated to Nanyang of Henan.The new sealing E Hou continued its sacrifices,the tombs of E Hou in Xiaxiangpu Village is its remains.These Adherents of E Kingdom is called“Small E”in Tsinghua Bamboo Slips“the Department of the Year”,later also known as“West E”.E Kingdom was considered as a different surname lord of Western Zhou Dynasty central dynasty.They were destroyed because of launching a rebellion,Which reflects that the structural forms of the unified aristocracy at that time had been unable to adapt to the needs of the times,and would be eliminated by the historical development of the future.