生物支架材料及间充质干细胞在骨组织工程中的研究与应用

Biological scaffolds and mesenchymal stem cells in bone tissue engineering

背景:骨缺损的临床治疗面临诸多难题,为解决这一难题,骨组织工程支架材料的研究得到了广泛关注。目的:综述骨组织工程中生物支架材料和间充质干细胞的临床应用价值及发展前景。方法:以"骨组织工程,生物支架材料,间充质干细胞;Bone tissue engineering,Biological scaffold,Mesenchymal stem cells"为关键词,应用计算机检索Pub Med数据库和中国知网数据库中2000年1月至2016年12月关于骨组织工程研究的文章,纳入与有关生物支架材料及间充质干细胞相关的文章,排除重复研究与Meta分析类文章。结果与结论:生物支架材料目前主要有人工合成支架材料(聚乙烯醇、聚乳酸、聚羟基乙酸、聚乳酸羟基乙酸等)和天然支架材料(胶原、壳聚糖、明胶、丝素蛋白等)两种,每种材料均有优缺点。间充质干细胞具有很强的自我复制及多向分化能力,被认为是相对较理想的种子细胞。根据生物支架材料组成成分的特点与间充质干细胞的增殖及多向分化能力,设计更为理想的生物支架材料并构建具有更好修复功能的生物支架材料-间充质干细胞复合体对骨组织缺损的修复至关重要。构建间充质干细胞-3D支架材料还处于实验阶段,但随着纳米材料、国际再生医学、仿生科学的发展,生物支架材料及间充质干细胞在骨组织工程中的应用会得到解决。

BACKGROUND:The clinical treatment of bone defects is facing many problems.In order to solve the problem,the development of scaffold materials for bone tissue engineering has been an issue of concern.OBJECTIVE:To review the clinical application and development prospect of biological scaffold materials and mesenchymal stem cells in bone tissue engineering.METHODS:PubMed and CNKI databases were retrieved for the articles regarding bone tissue engineering published from January 2000 to December 2016.The key words were―bone tissue engineering;biological scaffold;mesenchymal stem cells‖in English and Chinese,respectively.Articles addressing biological scaffolds and mesenchymal stem cells were included,except for repetitive research and Meta-analysis articles.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Current biological scaffolds mainly include synthetic scaffold materials(polyvinyl alcohol,polylactic acid,polyglycolic acid,poly(lactic-glycolic acid))and natural scaffold materials(collagen,chitosan,gelatin,silk fibroin).Each material has its own merits and demerits.Mesenchymal stem cells have a strong self-replicating and multi-directional differentiation ability,which are considered to be relatively ideal seed cells.Based on the characteristics of the components of biological scaffolds and the proliferation and multi-directional differentiation ability of mesenchymal stem cells,it is of great importance for bone defect repair to design and construct ideal biological scaffold materials with better repair function.Construction of a mesenchymal stem cell/3D scaffold complex is still in its infancy.However,the clinical application of biological scaffolds and mesenchymal stem cells in bone tissue engineering is expected to be achieved with the development of nanomaterials,international regenerative medicine and biomimetic science.