移植不同饲料利用效率猪的粪便可定向改变伪无菌小鼠的生长性能

Fecal microbiota transplantation from growing pigs with different feed efficiency to pseudo-germ-free mice can result in reappearance of the original phenotype

目的通过将不同饲料利用效率猪的粪便移植至伪无菌小鼠,探讨其对受体小鼠生长性能的影响规律,并初步揭示其机制。方法使用36头28 kg左右的杜×长×大阉公猪进行42 d单笼饲养(自由采食)并测算其饲料转化效率。实验结束时将36头猪根据饲料转化效率分为高、中、低3组,采集三组猪的新鲜粪便,通过灌胃移植到经广谱抗生素处理过的小鼠中,监测粪便移植后小鼠的生长性能变化。采用全收粪法测定饲料利用效率高、中、低三组猪的营养物质消化率,并采用16S rRNA V3-4可变区扩增测序对猪和小鼠的粪便微生物组成进行分析比较。结果将不同饲料利用效率猪的粪便移植至广谱抗生素处理的伪无菌小鼠后,小鼠重现了猪的生长性能表型;在肠道微生物的组成结构方面,高饲料转化效率猪及其高生长性能的受体鼠,肠道微生物的物种丰富度和微生物多样性相对较高;高饲料利用效率猪的总能消化率(P=0.01)显著增加,产气短杆菌的丰度显著提高,且其粪便移植后受体小鼠的肠球菌和阿克曼氏菌丰度也显著高于低饲料利用效率的受体小鼠,表明肠道微生物在能量的高效利用方面起着重要的作用。结论移植不同饲料利用效率猪的粪便可定向改变伪无菌小鼠肠道微生物的物种丰富度、微生物多样性及其生长性能。高饲料利用效率猪的优势主要在于能量消化利用效率较高,肠道中与能量高效利用相关微生物丰度相对较高。

Objective The aim of this experiment was to explore the effect and mechanism of intestinal microbiota on shaping the growth performance by fecal microbiota transplantation from pigs to pseudo-germ-free mice.Methods Thirty-six barrows with a similar initial body weight of 30 kg were raised for 42 days(ad libitum)within individual metabolic cages.Feed intake and body weight of each pig were recorded every week to calculate the feed conversion rate and average daily gain.At the end of the experiment,feed conversion ratio and average daily gain were integrated to divide the pigs into 3 groups,namely,high growth performance(HP),moderate growth performance(MP)and low growth performance(LP)groups.Feces were collected to calculate the total intestinal nutrient digestibility and prepare for fecal microbiota transplantation to pseudo-germ-free mice,which were induced with several antibiotics for four weeks.Fecal microbiome structure was assayed by profiling V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene.Results Fecal microbiota transplantation from pigs to pseudo-germ-free mice resulted in reappearance of the original phenotype.Compared with the LP pigs,the microbial species richness and microbial diversity in feces were higher in the HP pigs.The HP pigs had improved digestibility of gross energy(P=0.01)and higher abundance of Methanobrevibacter.Enterococcus and Akkermansia were also more abundant in the recipient pseudo-germ-free mice from the HP pigs which may be correlated with a high energy utilization.Conclusions Fecal microbiota transplantation from pigs to mice results in reappearance of the original phenotype and microbial species richness,microbial diversity,and their growth ability.Different nutritional metabolism is shown among pigs with different feed efficiency and the HP pigs have improved energy utilization(P=0.01).At the same time,the bacteria correlated with high energy utilization are more abundant in feces of HP pigs than in LP pigs.