许慎《说文解字》“象形”与“指事”归类辨析

Reasons of Confusion from Classification of "Pictographic" and "Pointing things" in Xu Shen's Shuo Wen Jie Zi

许慎虽在《说文解字》中对"象形"和"指事"下了定义,但这并不表示二书的界限分明,归类清楚。造成"象形"、"指事"归类产生歧义的原因,共有:一、"指事"的定义不够清晰准确。二、使用相同的术语分析象形、指事的字形结构。三、指事以象形为主体。四、许书解释字义和分析字形不甚相合或存有二说。五、许书解释文字形义不甚清楚,又无法根据术语加以判断。六、观点着重在"描绘实物形象"或"表示抽象事类"的差异。因此造成学者对二书归类上意见的分歧。

Although Xu Shen made a definition of"pictographic"and"pointing out"in Shuo Wen Jie Zi,this does not mean that the two books are clearly defined and clearly classified.The reasons that cause the"pictographic"and"pointing things"to be easily confused are:First,the definition of"finger thing"is not clear and precise enough.Second,"using the same terms to analyze pictograms,referring to the glyph structure of things."Third,"referring to things with pictographic as the main body."Fourth,"Xu book explains the meaning and analysis of glyphs which do not fit well or there are two sayings."Five,"Xu's book explains the meaning of writing not clearly,but also can not be judged according to terms."Six,"The point of view focuses on the difference between"depicting the physical image"or"representing the abstract class".As a result,there are difficulties in classifying the two books.