铅排放源周边人群的暴露量估算流程与技术研究

Study on the Procedure of Exposure Assessment and Techniques for Lead Emission

研究了铅环境排放特征,提出围绕"排放-环境压力-人群暴露-效应"主链开展暴露评估的工作流程,并提出采用同源平行物参照法或对照法等技术确定污染边界,以更清晰地明确调查人群的范围。同时,利用现有铅暴露预测模型,在人群暴露模式调查的基础上,推荐采用同源平行参照法或同位素法等对铅的环境接触浓度与体内蓄积浓度进行校验,以确定铅排放源排放的铅在体内所占的份额。

It is very important to identify the relationship between the population*s exposure level and lead emission sources,which is of critic for the damage assessment.However,the available methods on the lead exposure assessment cannot be used to evaluate the lead exposure level directly for the surrounding peopledue to its weak association with lead emission sources.This paper came up with the exposure assessment procedure following the chain of w emission-environmental-pressure-exposure-effects**based on the lead emission characteristics,and it also presented the method of homologous paraQel reference or control to make clear the pollution boundary to ascertain the scope of the investigated population.Meanwhile,combined with the lead prediction models and the exposure patterns obtained,it suggested method of homologous parallel calibration or isotope to verify the environmental exposure and burden level,which could be used to identify the proportion lead burden to the emission source.In order to illustrate up the investigated population scope more clearly,based on the models,it provides a calibration method to the lead exposure from environment and the blood lead burden by method of parallel reference,and thus the accurate proportion of lead burden would be obtained.This paper put forward an idea that could be used to identify the lead exposure assessment more accurately.It is greatly significant to promote the development of lead pollution damage assessment.