布雷顿森林会议与美国对苏合作政策

Bretton Woods Conference and the American Policy of Cooperation with the Soviet Union

布雷顿森林会议是二战期间盟国规划战后世界秩序的首次大型会议,反映了美国将美苏战时合作关系延续到战后的决心和愿望。会议期间,美苏等国围绕基金配额、黄金配额减免、银行配额等问题展开博弈,最终在双方的妥协下,大会取得了成功。在美国的支持下,苏联正式跻身国际金融体系四强之列,苏联同时承认了美国在战后世界金融秩序中的领导地位。美国对苏合作政策具有强烈的政治动机。美国战时取得反法西斯战争的胜利以及战后重建世界和平都离不开苏联的配合,这是美国推行对苏合作政策的现实基础。然而,美苏在会议中的合作也非一帆风顺,美国在基金黄金缴纳问题上无视苏联的现实需要,体现了美国推动的美苏合作存在一定的限度,以不损害美国核心利益为前提。

The Bretton Woods Conference is the first major conference by the Allies during the World War II for planning the postwar world order,which reflects the determination and wish of the United States(U.S.)were to continue the cooperation with the Soviet Union in wartime to the postwar era.With the support of the U.S.,the Soviet Union formally became a member of the top four in the world economic system.Accordingly,the Soviet Union chose to admit the leadership of the U.S.in the postwar financial order,which means the U.S.obtained the remarkable achievement through its cooperation policy with the Soviet Union.The first reason why the U.S.valued the cooperation relation with the Soviet Union can be attributed to the role of the Soviet Union in the World Anti-Fascist War and the postwar world order.The second reason is that the U.S.greatly needed the support from the Soviet Union in the postwar era.The U.S.carefully kept its core interests from any violations,especially on the issue of gold subscriptions to the Fund,which indicates that its cooperation policy toward the Soviet Union has a certain limitation.