养老机构分类标准及分类管理研究

The Classification Standard and Management of Endowment Institutions

随着老龄化的加剧,政府不断加大对养老机构的投入力度,然而当前养老机构的供需矛盾依然突出,根本原因在于我国养老机构管理层次不清导致的效率不高,因此对养老机构进行分类管理是提高养老机构管理效率的有效途径。要对养老机构进行分类管理首先要从营利性质、创办主体、功能定位三个维度将养老机构分为七类,不同类型的养老机构在保障对象、范围和水平上具有不同的功能定位。而当前养老机构在管理与理论上的分类存在较大偏差,主要表现在非营利机构偏离保障机构养老基本公共服务的基本职能,机构功能定位偏离市场需求,机构结构不尽合理。究其原因是政府供给方式单一、定位不明、供需之间不协调,要解决现实存在的问题,提高养老机构的管理效率,必须从政府职能的分类定位机制、养老机构的分类评估机制和有效引导分类机制三个方面构建养老机构分类管理的体系框架。

With the worsening of population aging,the government investment in endowment institutions has been on the rise.However the current contradiction between supply and demand in oldage care is still outstanding due to the inefficient endowment management in China.Therefore,it is an effective way to classify the management to improve its efficiency.From commercial properties,operating subjects and functions endowment institutions can be divided into seven categories that position themselves differently in target,scope and level.But there is a big deviation between theory and reality,as is shown in nonprofit onesdeviating from their basic functions,their positioning deviating from market demand and their organization structure unreasonable.These problems are caused by the governments single supply mode,unclear positioning and the mismatch between supply and demand.To solve the problems and increase management efficiency,it is necessary to work out a framework of endowment institution management classification from the classification and positioning mechanism of government functions,the classification evaluation mechanism of pension institutions and the effective guiding classification mechanism.