国内外粮食价格倒挂研究——兼论我国粮食最低收购价的形成机制

Research on Domestic and Foreign Prices Upside Down of Corn in China——On the Formation Mechanism of the Lowest Purchase Price of Corn

2011年以来,我国小麦、稻米和玉米出现了全面的、持续性的顶破国际价格第一层"天花板"的价格倒挂,玉米还曾出现短暂的顶破国际价格第二层"天花板"的价格倒挂。我国粮食国内外价格倒挂与粮食生产成本刚性上涨、最低收购价的功能扭曲和关税保护作用微弱有关,也与国际原油等大宗产品价格下跌以及人民币贬值有关。国内外粮食价格倒挂造成我国粮食产量、进口量和库存量的同时增加,影响了粮食的顺利销售,刺激了农产品走私,也导致粮食主产区和主销区之间的价格倒挂。因此,必须通过降低粮食生产成本、完善粮食价格形成机制、借助贸易救济措施来消除我国粮食价格的国内外倒挂。

Since 2011,prices upside down of China's wheat,rice and corn has been appearing which is bursting first layer"ceiling"of international price in a comprehensive and sustained way.Corn has also been bursting second layer"ceiling"of international price temporarily.Domestic and foreign prices upside down of corn in China is concerned with the rigid increase of corn production cost,weakened tariff protection function,functional distort of the lowest purchase price,bulk products including international crude oil prices falling and RMB devaluation.The domestic and foreign prices upside down of corn has been raising grain output,import amount and inventory amount of our country at the same time,influencing food smooth sell,stimulating agricultural products smuggling and also causing prices upside down between main grain producing areas and main sales areas.Therefore,we must reduce corn production cost,improve corn price formation mechanism and make full use of trade relief measures to eliminate domestic and foreign prices upside down of China's corn products.