从制度成本角度谈城市设计的理性

A Discussion of the Rationality of Urban Design from the Point of Institutional Costs

不论是城市设计,还是城市规划,作为一种公共政策和制度安排,在实施过程中都会存在交易成本,或者说制度成本。因此,城市设计的价值和有效性远不止体现在漂亮的空间形态上,归根结底是应给社会带来增值。换句话说,城市设计也需要降低制度成本和提高总体社会效益。本文基于新制度经济学和马歇尔的城市空间演变等理论,从理解城市空间演变以及秩序建立的客观规律出发,在理论上对城市设计的实质、内涵、定位进行了反思,提出了低成本城市设计的理论路径的设想,以期为未来探索高效的城市设计公共政策提供参考。

City design or urban planning,as a kind of public policy and institutional arrangements,will encounter transaction costs or institutional costs in the implementation process.Therefore,the effectiveness of city design is far more than reflected in the beautiful space form,but the value brought by city design to the society.In other words,city design needs to reduce the institutional costs and to improve the overall social benefits.Based upon the new institutional economics and Marshall’s theory of objective rules on city spatial evolution,this paper gives rethinking of the essence connotation,positioning of city design,established from the understanding of city spatial evolution and the order.In theory,a theoretical path of low-cost city design is put forward,which is to provide a very basic train of thought for the exploration of more efficient city design public policy.