汉语羡余否定构式认知探源

A Cognitive Study of Chinese Redundant Negative Construction

汉语羡余否定是一类含有"不""没""别"等否定标记但具有肯定语义真值的特殊句法结构。此类语言现象作为构式单位,其形式或语义无法从构式整体推测而出。基于Goldberg认知构式语法研究路径,创新性整合构式承继、构式压制、认知参照点模型,构建"压制承继-认知参照模型",发现:句法上,根据该构式中组构成分不同位置的搭配组合,其具有五类句法结构;语义上,该构式基于中心肯定义存在扩张的多义联接;语用上,该构式具有形式冗余性、语言主观性、语体选择性、语言表现性四类语用特征;基于构建的"压制承继-认知参照模型",发现该构式生成是一个动态变化的认知过程,从"压制-承继"到"认知参照",其认知动因是认知主观性。

Chinese redundant negative construction marked as a special syntactic structure is composed of negation markers"bu""mei""bie"in form while affirmative value in meaning.Such a language phenomenon can be taken as a construction unit whose form or meaning cannot be predicted from the whole construction.Based on the researching path of Goldberg’s cognitive construction grammar,this paper creatively integrates construction inheritance,construction coercion and cognitive reference point,and a"coercion-inheritance CRP model"is so built.The research findings are as follows:syntactically,the construction can be divided into five syntactic structures according to the different combinations of the constructional components;semantically,the construction is of central affirmative meaning with extended polysemic links;pragmatically,the construction is of the four properties,namely,form redundancy,linguistic subjectivity,stylistic selectivity and language expressiveness.Under the built model,the construction generation is motivated by cognitive subjectivity,passing from"coercion-inheritance"to"cognitive reference"in a dynamic cognitive process.