超大视场测月天文定向方法

Astronomical Orientation Method Based on Lunar Observations Utilizing Super Wide Field of View

利用超大视场相机测月成像实现了天文定向,推导了详细的计算公式。通过实测检验了定向方法的可靠性,跟踪拍摄15min,内符合精度优于±7.5″,外符合精度约为±20″。基于相机成像的天文定向方法改变了利用经纬仪人眼照准的传统模式,一定程度上降低了对作业员的技能要求,且超大视场相机能对月球进行连续跟踪拍摄,无须复杂的伺服控制装置。由于月球上也有重力场,月球上观测地球也有地相变化,后期如能实现定向装置的自动安平,本方法同样适用于月球车对地球成像实现天文定向。

In this paper,astronomical orientation is achieved by observing the moon utilizing camera with super wide field of view,and formulae are deduced in detail.An experiment based on real observations verified the stability of the method.In this experiment,after 15 minutes’tracking shoots,the internal precision could be superior to±7.5″and the external precision could approximately reach±20″.This camera-based method for astronomical orientation can change the traditional mode(aiming by human eye based on theodolite),thus lowering the requirements for operator’s skill to some extent.Furthermore,camera with super wide field of view can realize the function of continuous tracking shoots on the moon without complicated servo control devices.Considering the similar existence of gravity on the moon and the earth’s phase change when observed from the moon,once the technology of self-leveling is developed,this method can be extended to orientation for lunar rover by shooting the earth.