《诗经》“吉礼”类农祭乐歌的叙事结构形态发微

Exploration of the Narrative Structure of Agricultural Ritual Poems in the Book of Songs

《诗经》"吉礼"类农祭乐歌作为《诗经》叙事诗的重要部分,与社会变迁、祭祀对象、民间信仰等绾合在一起,承担着沟通与协调天人关系的社会功能。故其叙事结构形态的生成自然与祭祀仪式的时空流动性,仪式表演性密切相关,由此决定了农祭乐歌思想内容的情感基调与艺术形式的基本架构,促使农祭诗叙事结构形态呈现丰富景致。具体分为以线性时间贯穿的循环型结构,祭祀仪式统摄的封闭型结构,外部叙事元素介入的混合型结构,外部叙事因素占主导的开放型结构形态。这四种叙事结构的基本形态,折射出农祭乐歌叙事形态的嬗变轨迹。

The agricultural ritual poems in the Book of Songs are an important part of narrative poems,which combine the social changes,ritual objects and folk beliefs together,and bear the social function of communicating and compromising between heaven and man.Therefore,the formation of their narrative structure is closely related to the fluidity of the time-space of sacrificial rites,and the ritual performance,which determines the emotional tone of the content and the basic structure of artistic form of agricultural ritual poems,thus contributing to the diversity of their narrative structures.Specifically speaking,there are four forms:circular structure threaded through by linear time;closure structure guided by sacrificial rituals,hybrid structure blended by external narrative elements,and open structure dominated by external narrative elements.The four basic forms of the narrative structure are a reflection of the evolution of the morphology of agricultural ritual poems.