常规与非常规粗饲料在奶牛瘤胃中的降解特性

Degradation Characteristics of Common Roughage and Roughage Forage in the Rumen of Dairy Cows

本试验旨在研究苜蓿青贮、全株小麦青贮、全株玉米青贮、苜蓿干草、燕麦草(2种)、稻草、花生秧、谷子秸秆和小麦秸秆共10种粗饲料在奶牛瘤胃中的降解特性,为科学配制奶牛饲粮提供数据参考。采用尼龙袋法评定其干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的72 h动态降解率和有效降解率。结果表明,苜蓿青贮的DM有效降解率最高,达到58.24%,小麦秸秆的最低,为34.20%;CP有效降解率最高的是苜蓿干草,与依次降低的全株小麦青贮、苜蓿青贮、全株玉米青贮、燕麦草、稻草、小麦秸秆、谷子秸秆和花生秧差异显著(P<0.05);全株小麦青贮的NDF有效降解率与全株玉米青贮、苜蓿干草、燕麦草差异不显著(P>0.05),但显著高于其他粗饲料(P<0.05);全株小麦青贮的ADF有效降解率显著高于其他粗饲料(P<0.05)。综上所述,苜蓿干草和苜蓿青贮的瘤胃降解率较高,营养价值较高,小麦秸秆和谷子秸秆品质相对较差,花生秧与上述秸秆饲料比具有一定的优势。

In order to provide references when making formulas for dairy cows,this experiment was conducted to investigate the rumen degradation characteristics of 10 roughages including alfalfa silage,whole wheat silage,whole corn silage,alfalfa hay,oat hay(2 kinds),rice straw,peanut vine,millet straw and wheat straw.Nylon-bag technique was used to evaluate the degradation rates and effective degradability of dry matter,crude protein,neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in 72 h.The results showed as follows:dry matter effective degradability of alfalfa silage(58.24%)was the highest,and to the contrary,that of wheat straw(34.20%)was the minimum.Crude protein effective degradability of alfalfa hay was the highest,and was significantly higher than that of whole wheat silage,alfalfa silage,whole corn silage,oat hay,rice straw,wheat straw,millet straw and peanut vine(P<0.05),which was decreased in the above order.Neutral detergent fiber effective degradability of whole wheat silage was not significantly different from whole corn silage,alfalfa hay and oat hay(P>0.05),but was significantly higher than that of other roughages(P<0.05).Acid detergent fiber effective degradability of whole wheat silage was significantly higher than that of other roughages(P<0.05).It is concluded that the rumen degradation rate of alfalfa hay and alfalfa silage is higher,so they have better nutritional value;wheat straw and millet straw had low nutritional quality,and compared with them,peanut vine possesses certain advantages.