芜湖市护理人员血源性传染病职业暴露影响因素调查分析

Analysis of Occupational Exposure and Influencing Factors of Blood-borne Infectious Diseases among Nursing Staff in Wuhu City

目的:了解医疗机构护理人员在护理操作中易发生血源性传染病的职业暴露情况及其影响因素,为制定该人群职业暴露防治策略和干预措施提供依据。方法:采用分层随机整群方法抽取芜湖市不同等级医疗机构,选取相关科室全部护士,利用自行设计的职业暴露问卷进行问卷调查。结果:调查对象中最近一年发生过针刺伤的有33.15%,发生锐器或其它物体割伤的有30.24%,发生黏膜暴露于污染的体液或血液的有15.45%;从执业开始至今31.27%的调查对象发生过血源性传染病职业暴露,在暴露后进行事件报告的仅有55.39%;而最近1年发生职业暴露的有17.04%,多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示日均工作时间超过8h、发生过针刺伤、割伤、黏膜暴露的调查对象在执业过程中更容易发生职业暴露,相反的是接触一般患者后每次进行洗手、接受过梅毒知识培训的调查对象是保护因素。结论:芜湖市护理人员发生血源性传染病职业暴露的风险较高,应加强医院感染管理控制和相关知识培训工作,提高护理人员职业暴露防护水平。

Objective:To investigate the incidence of occupational exposure and the influencing factors of blood-borne infectious diseases among nursing staff during nursing operations and provide basis for formulating occupational exposure prevention strategies and intervention for this group of people.Methods:A self-designed occupational exposure questionnaire was carried out among all nurses in departments which were selected from different grades of hospitals through stratified and cluster sampling method.Results:In recent year,33.15%of the subjects had needle-prick injury,30.24%had sharp instrument injury and 15.45%had mucous membrane exposure of contaminated body fluid or blood.17.04%of the subjects had occurred blood-borne occupational exposure in recent year.31.27%of the subjects had blood-borne occupational exposure experiences from the beginning of the practice and just 55.39%of exposure events were reported.The results of the multivariate Logistics regression analysis showed that those subjects whose average work time was over 8 h per day or who experienced needle-stick injury or mucous membrane exposure were more likely to occur occupational exposure.On the contrary,washing hands after contacting patients every time and knowledge of syphilis were protective factors.Conclusion:The risk of occupational exposure to blood-borne infectious disease among nursing staff in Wuhu City is relatively high.Therefore,hospital infection management control and related knowledge training should be strengthed to increase the occupational exposure protection level of nursing staff.