新疆哈、维大学生体质特征的比较研究

Comparative Study on the Physical Features of Kazak and Uygur Students in Xinjiang

目的:通过对新疆伊犁师范学院2015年哈萨克族、维吾尔族大学生进行身体机能、身体素质和身体形态的体质特征测试,并对测试结果进行统计、分析与比较,从而了解不同民族学生的体质特征。方法:按全国大学生体质特征健康标准进行测试。结果:在五种形态机能指标中,男性学生的体重及身高指标哈萨克族明显低于维吾尔族(p<0.01),女性学生身高指标哈萨克族低于维吾尔族(p<0.01),肺活量以及体重指标维吾尔大学生都明显低于哈萨克族族大学生(p<0.01),体重/身高×1000指数值,哈萨克族和维吾尔族的男女大学生均无显著差异(p>0.05),肺活量/体重指数值,维吾尔族男性学生明显低于哈萨克族学生(p<0.01),而哈萨克族和维吾尔族的女性学生均无显著差异;在四种身体素质指标中,哈萨克族和维吾尔族的男性学生四项指标均无显著差异(p>0.05,p>0.01),女性学生的四种指标均有显著差异(p<0.01)。因此,与维吾尔族男性学生相比,哈萨克族男性学生体格充实度小,身体发育好,爆发力、耐力、速度、柔韧性、心肺功能及呼氧分配量较强;维吾尔族的女性学生的运动速度、身体屈伸柔韧度、爆发力的身体素质相对比较强,而哈萨克族女性学生的耐力、呼氧分配量和心肺功能身体素质相对比较强。

Objective:the physical features of different nationalities students are understood through result calculation,analysis and comparison on the test results on physical functions,fitness,and body shape of Uygur and Kazak students in grade2015 of Xinjiang Normal University.Methods:Tests based on National College Students'Physique Health Standard.Results:Among the 5 functional indicators,on male students'weights and heights,as well as female students'heights,Uyghur students perform better(P<0.01);on vital capacity and weights,Uygur students perform much better(P<0.01);on BMI index,there are no significant differences(P>0.05);on vital capacity/weight index,male Kazak students perform better(P<0.01)while females students are of no significant differences;among the 4 indicators,male students of different nationalities are of no significant differences(p>0.05,p>0.01)while females are of significant differences(P<0.01).It is concluded that Kazak male students perform better on body size,power,endurance,speed,flexibility,vital ability and oxygen distribution than Uygur boys,Uygur girls perform better on speed,flexibility and power,while Kazak girls perform better on endurance,oxygen distribution and vital capacity.