5种经济鱼类基因组大小的测定

Genome size determination of five commercial fishes

采用流式细胞术,以鸡(Gallus gallus)血细胞DNA含量(2.3pg/2C,C指单倍体)为标准,对5种经济鱼类白甲鱼(Onychostoma sima)、三倍体兴国红鲤(triploid Cyprinus carpio var.singuonensis)、胭脂鱼(Myxocyprinus asiaticus)、中华沙鳅(Sinibotia superciliaris)和花鱼骨(Hemibarbus maculatus)的基因组大小(或称C-值)和倍性进行测定。结果表明,5种淡水鱼类的的C-值分别为:白甲鱼(1.18±0.01)pg,三倍体兴国红鲤(1.92±0.07)pg,胭脂鱼(2.62±0.28)pg,中华沙鳅(0.89±0.01)pg,花鱼骨(1.24±0.02)pg,C-值从大到小排列依次为:胭脂鱼>兴国红鲤>花鱼骨>白甲鱼>中华沙鳅。在5种经济鱼类中,除了亲缘关系很近的白甲鱼与花鱼骨(同一科)的C-值大小差异不显著外(P>0.05),其余的种间(不同科)的C-值大小差异显著。倍性分析结果表明,白甲鱼、花鱼骨和中华沙鳅属于二倍体,兴国红鲤属于三倍体,胭脂鱼属于四倍体。

In this paper,the genome size(C-value)and ploidy of 5 commercial fishes including Onychostoma sima,triploid Cyprinus carpio var.singuonensis,Myxocyprinus asiaticus,Sinibotia superciliarisa and Hemibarbus maculatus were determined by flow cytometry using chicken erythrocyte DNA content as a standard.The results showed that the C-values of O.sima,triploid C.carpio var.singuonensis,M.asiaticus,S.superciliarisa and H.maculatus were 1.18±0.01 pg,1.92±0.07 pg,2.62±0.28 pg,0.89±0.01 pg and 1.24±0.02 pg,respectively.The C-value of M.asiaticus was the largest,followed by triploid C.carpio var.singuonensis,H.maculatus,O.sima and S.superciliarisa.Among the 5 economic fishes,there is no difference in C-values between O.sima and H.maculatus(the same family)(P>0.05),but the difference between the other species(different families)was significant(P<0.05).Ploidy analysis showed that O.sima,S.superciliarisa and H.maculatus were diploid,C.carpio var.singuonensis was triploid and M.asiaticus was tetraploid.