企业出口规模越大全要素生产率越高吗?——基于中国出口企业的经验分析

Does Larger Export Scale Generate Higher Productivity?——An Empirical Research Based on Chinese Export Enterprises

基于改进的LP方法,使用2005~2007年中国工业企业数据,首先,分行业估计了企业全要素生产率,研究发现:出口企业全要素生产率均值要大于非出口企业,并不存在"生产率悖论"。其次,基于广义倾向匹配方法分别分析了企业出口量及出口密集度对企业全要素生产率的影响,研究发现:出口量对企业全要素生产率存在着明显的正向促进作用,这进一步验证了"出口学习效应";然而,出口密集度对企业全要素生产率存在着反向抑制作用,并且这一现象不仅存在于加工贸易型企业中,而且存在于一般贸易型企业中。最后,研究还发现:这不仅因为加工贸易型企业存在着对外依赖性,还因为一般贸易型企业存在着研发"惰性"。

Based on the optimized LP estimation method,this paper employs the Chinese industrial enterprise database in 2005-2007 to estimate the total factor productivity(TFP)in different industries.The results show that the mean productivity of exporters is greater than that of non-exporters.In other words,there is a productivity paradox.Furthermore,this paper uses the Generalized Propensity Score Matching(GPSM)to analyze the effect of quantity and intensity of export on TFP.The result shows that export plays a significantly positive role in promoting a firm’s productivity,which further validates the“exporting effect on learning”.However,the exporting intensity has a reverse inhibiting effect on productivity.This phenomenon is present not only in the processing-trade enterprises,but also in general trade enterprises.This paper suggests that this can be attributed not only to the external dependence of the processing-trade enterprises,but also to the research and development“inertia”of the general-trade enterprises.