阿尔都塞的“认识论断裂”学说评析

Evaluation on Althusser's Theory of “Epistemological Fracture”

在教条主义、人道主义盛行的背景下,阿尔都塞坚持对马克思主义做出科学主义的解释,并提出"认识论断裂"学说,以便对马克思早期思想和成熟期思想之间的差别进行说明。阿尔都塞认为,马克思思想的总体路线是从人道主义意识形态向科学的转换。他以"认识论断裂"为立论基础,目的是恢复马克思思想的本来面目,在此基础上捍卫马克思思想的科学性。虽然"认识论断裂"学说割裂了青年马克思和成熟马克思思想之间的承接性,但其理论所提出的新的研究方法,为我们历史地学习马克思主义理论提供了不同的研究思路和解释方法。

In the background of dogmatism and humanitarianism prevailing,Althusser insisted on explaining Marxism as science,and put forward the theory of“Epistemological Fracture”,so as to illustrate the differences between Marx’s thoughts in the early and the mature periods.According Althusser,the outline of Marx’s thoughts meant transformation from humanitarianism ideology into science.Taking“Epistemological Fracture”as basis of his theory,Althusser tried to restore Marx’s original thoughts and argue for the scientific nature of Marx’s thoughts.Though his theory of“Epistemological Fracture”cut apart the inheritance between young Marx’s thoughts and mature Marx’s thoughts,the new research methods put forward in the theory provided us with various thoughts for research as well as methods for explanation to learn Marxist theories in a historical way.