日粮电解质平衡对妊娠后期和泌乳期母猪生产性能、血浆生化指标和乳成分的影响

Effects of dietary electrolyte balance on performance,plasma biochemical indexes and milk composition of sow during late gestation and lactation

试验旨在研究日粮电解质平衡对妊娠后期和泌乳期母猪生产性能、血浆生化指标和乳成分的影响。选取健康妊娠90 d的母猪(大白×长白)60头,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复3头。处理1组妊娠和泌乳阶段Na+K-Cl值为-80 m Eq/kg,处理2组妊娠和泌乳阶段Na+K-Cl值为0 m Eq/kg,处理3组妊娠和泌乳阶段Na+K-Cl值分别为160和200 m Eq/kg,处理4组妊娠和泌乳阶段Na+K-Cl值为300 m Eq/kg。结果显示:处理1组泌乳母猪平均日采食量显著低于其他各处理组(P<0.05)。处理1组和处理2组妊娠和泌乳后期尿液p H显著低于处理3组和处理4组(P<0.05);处理3组尿p H显著低于处理4组(P<0.05);处理1组断奶后母猪尿液p H显著低于处理2组(P<0.05)。与其他各组相比,处理1组和处理2组显著体高了断奶当天母猪血浆钠浓度(P<0.05);处理1组母猪断奶当天血浆钾浓度显著高于处理4组(P<0.05)。处理1组母猪妊娠107 d血浆氯浓度显著高于处理3组和处理4组(P<0.05)。处理1组显著提高妊娠107 d母猪血浆Ig A和Ig M的含量(P<0.05),而处理1组血浆Ig G含量显著高于处理3组(P<0.05);处理1组分娩和断奶当天母猪血浆Ig G含量显著高于处理3组(P<0.05)。处理1组和处理2组初乳和常乳中Ig G和Ig A含量显著高于处理3组(P<0.05)。结果表明:降低日粮离子水平可以降低尿液p H,提高镁离子的利用率。日粮电解质平衡对妊娠后期母猪具有重要作用,泌乳母猪日粮中适宜离子浓度为-80 m Eq/kg。

This experiment was aimed to investigate the effects of dietary electrolyte balance on performance,plasma biochemical indexes and milk composition of sow during late gestation and lactation.On day 90 of gestation,60 sows(Landrace×Large white)were randomly allotted to 4 dietary treatments with 5 replicates of 3 sows.The value of Na+K-Cl in group 1,group 2 and group 4 diets of late gestation and lactation was-80,0 and 300 mEq/kg,respectively,while the value of Na+K-Cl in group 2 diet of late gestation and lactation was 160 and 200 mEq/kg,respectively.The results showed that average daily feed intake of lactating sows was lower in sows fed the group 1 diet(P<0.05).The pH of the urine was lower(P<0.05)in sows fed group 1 and 2 diets compared with the group 3 and 4 diets,and urine pH of the control group was lower(P<0.05)than that of group 4 at all sample periods.At the day of weaning,plasma Na concentrations were higher in sows fed group 1 and 2 diets compared with the group 3 and 4(P<0.05);plasma K concentration was higher in sows fed group 1diet compared with the group 3 and 4(P<0.05).On day 107 of gestation,IgA and IgM levels in the sow plasma were higher in sows fed group 1 diet compared with the other three groups(P<0.05),and plasma IgG was higher in sows fed group 1 diet compared with the control group(P<0.05).In conclusion,decreasing dietary electrolyte balance could reduce urine pH and improve the utilization of Mg.Decreasing dietary electrolyte balance is beneficial to sows during late while the optimal level for lactation sow is-80 mEq/kg.