“关学”与“关学史”正名

A Research on the Title of Guan School and the History of Guan School

建国以来,学界关于"关学"与"关学史"内涵及外延的揭示,往往采用"诠释""建构"的方法,屡屡造成某些脱离历史语境的现代过度阐释。通过解读相关史料,揭示"关学"初指"关中道学",后或指"濂洛关闽"之"关"(张载其学),或指"关中理学",其概念差异反映宋代以来关中儒学发展的嬗变实况,既突出泛义的"关中"地域特征,即非今陕西关中地域范围;又彰显理学(道学)内涵,即非所谓"关中之学"。历代"关学史"撰写亦遵循"以地系人"与"理学"特质,其肇自张载,历经宋金元明清民国,至建国前后的李铭诚、张元勋同时代关中学人为终结,而非以往学界或以宋末张载弟子,或以清初李二曲,或以清末刘古愚,或以牛兆濂为终结说。

Since 1949,scholars have overly analyzed Guan School and its history,which has caused some positive or negative explanations and even some misunderstandings of them.This paper tries to go back to the root by studying those historical materials related to Guan School.Guan School originally indicated the Guanzhong Daoxue and then might indicate the Guan in the title of Lian-Luo-Guan-Min or the Guanzhong Confucianism.The differences between the names of Guan School showed the changes of Guanzhong Confucianism after the Song Dynasty.The history of Guan School was based on the principles of yi-di-xi-ren(以地系人)and Neo-Confucianism.This tradition started from Zhang Zai and was ended by Guanzhong scholars like Li Mingcheng and so on after 1949,instead of being ended by the students of Zhang Zai in the end of the Song Dynasty or Li Erqu in the beginning of the Qing Dynasty or Liu Guyu or Niu Zhaolian in the end of the Qing Dynasty.