改革开放以来农地产权制度的演进及现状

The Evolution and the Status Quo of the Farmland Property Rights System since the Reform and Opening Up

改革开放以来,中国的农村土地政策一直沿着稳定土地承包关系、增强农民信心的方向前进。中央一号文件多次对农村土地承包经营权流转作出规定。此外,国家层面早在1998年的《土地管理法》中就对土地调整作了明确的规定。虽然相关政策已出台多年,相应的绩效也基本释放,但实际执行效果到底如何?为回答上述问题,本研究首先回顾了改革开放以来的农地产权制度的演进,然后基于全国8省的调查数据对农地产权政策的执行情况进行了描述性分析。研究结果表明,国家出台了众多的文件和法规进一步保障农地产权安全,地方政府也基本上落实了国家关于强化农地产权的有关规定,但部分政策存在落实不到位的现象。

Since the reform and opening up,China’s rural land policy has been moving forward in the direction of stabilizing land contract and strengthening the confidence of farmers.The No.1 Central Document has made several regulations on the transfer of the contracted management right of rural land.In addition,the land adjustment has been clearly stipulated in the Land Management Law of 1998 at the national level.The relevant policies have been in place for many years and the corresponding performance is basically released,but what is the actual implementation effect?To answer the above question,this study first reviews the evolution of the farmland property rights system since the reform and opening up,and then makes a descriptive analysis of the implementation of the farmland property rights policy on the basis of the survey data of the 8 provinces in China.Research results show that the country has issued numerous documents and regulations to further ensure the security of farmland property rights,and that local governments have also basically implemented relevant state regulations on the strengthening of farmland property rights,but some policies have not been implemented adequately.