古埃及文献中的外族人及其形象构建研究

A Study on the Foreigners and Their Image Construction in the Ancient Egyptian Documents

古埃及人将那些在体质特征、语言文化、宗教信仰和风俗习惯上与自己存在明显差异的族群称为外族人,并以此为基础借助文本和图像等媒介构建出了外族人的特有形象。埃及人在构建外族人形象时,有时是以宣扬法老王权合法性为目的,有时是为了突出贵族官员的特殊地位,有时则是为了实现自我身份认同。这就决定了古埃及文献中既有负面的外族人形象,也会出现客观中立与亲善友好的外族人形象。实际上,风格多样的外族人形象是埃及人自身形象反映的一面"镜子",亦是埃及人构建自我认同与民族凝聚力的重要方式。

Foreigners were identified by ancient Egyptians according to their physical characters,language,culture,religion belief and custom.Furthermore,they constructed foreigners’specific image by the texts and visual materials.The image construction of foreigners was aimed at propagating the validity of kingship,emphasizing the importance as an officer,and realizing Egyptian self-identity,which represented the various foreigners’images,such as the negative,the neutral and the positive.Actually,Egyptians could see their own image reflected in the representation of foreigners’images.It would be an important way to construct the Egyptian self-identity and the national cohesion.