巨型先天性黑色素细胞痣的研究进展

Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevus

巨型先天性黑色素细胞痣(GCMN)是先天性良性疾病,通常表现为棕黑色、凹凸不平且有毛发生长的皮肤病损,常累及一个皮肤黑色素单位或亚单位。GCMN有明显的外观畸形,面积巨大或发生在特殊部位会对患者的日常生活造成影响。GCMN可能伴有恶性黑色素瘤等严重并发症,因此临床上倾向于进行积极的外科治疗。由于GCMN病损面积大,目前的治疗效果不甚满意。近年来诸多学者对GCMN从基因、细胞信号通路等方面进行研究,以期从病因入手,降低其患病率及改善治疗效果。

Giant congenital melanocytic nevus(GCMN)is a benign disease that is usually visible at birth.GCMN usually presents as a brownish or black lesion,and the surface of the nevus may be papular,roughed,warty or cerebriform,and furred.The pathological process often involves one pigment unit or subunit.GCMN is aesthetical displeasing,as well as its manifest lesion,causing passive influence on patients.GCMN may lead to severe complications,such as melanoma and so on,so clinicians hold active attitude toward managements of GCMN,but the therapeutic efficacy of GCMN is dissatisfying due to the giant lesion.In recent years,many scholars focus on the study on related genes and molecular signaling pathways,hoping to reduce the incidence of GCMN as well as advance its treatment.