基于生态适应性与生态服务价值的绿化树种选择

Greening Tree Species Selection Based on Ecological Suitability and Ecology Service Value

为了筛选出适宜在河南中北部平原区栽植的绿化树种,调查了当地18个主要树种的生态适应性,观测计算了这些树种的固碳释氧、保育土壤、涵养水源、积累营养、净化空气及木材生产的生态服务价值,采用主成分分析法对不同树种的以上7项指标值进行了分析,确定了各树种的综合指标值。结果表明,悬铃木(Platanus acerifolia)、银杏(Ginkgo biloba)、雪松(Cedrus deodara)、红叶李(Prunus cerasifera)、黄山栾(Koelreuteria bipinnata)、白蜡(Fraxinus chinensis)、旱柳(Salix matsudana)、侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)、毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)、圆柏(Sabina chinensis)、国槐(Sophora japonica)和欧美107杨(Populus×Euramericana CV."74/76")12个树种生态适应性较强,石楠(Photinia serrulata)、广玉兰(Magnolia grandiflora)、枇杷(Eriobotrya japonica)、垂柳(Salix babylonica)、女贞(Ligustrum lucidum)和泡桐(Paulownia fortunei)6个树种能够适应当地环境。不同树种总生态服务价值由大到小依次为银杏、悬铃木、白蜡、欧美107杨、国槐、雪松、枇杷、泡桐、石楠、旱柳、黄山栾、女贞、垂柳、广玉兰、毛白杨、圆柏、侧柏、红叶李。生态适应性与生态服务综合指标值较高的树种为:欧美107杨(2.17)、银杏(2.01)、悬铃木(1.67)、国槐(1.53)、泡桐(1.41)与白蜡(1.14)、旱柳(1.02);综合指标值中等的树种为:枇杷(0.92)、黄山栾(0.83)、垂柳(0.80)、广玉兰(0.76)、石楠(0.72)、女贞(0.70)、毛白杨(0.67);综合指标值较低的树种为:雪松(0.32)、红叶李(0.15)、侧柏(-0.27)与圆柏(-0.28)。建议在当地造林绿化中优先选择生态适应性与生态服务价值综合指标值较高的乔木树种。

In order to select the suitable greening tree species in North Central Region of Henan Province,the ecological suitabilities of 18 greening tree species were investigated and the 18 species’ecological service value of carbon fixation and oxygen release,soil reinforcement and fertility maintenance,water conservation,nutrient accumulation,air purification,and timber production were calculated.Then the comprehensive index of ecological adaptability and service of the 18 tree species was examined by principal component analysis method.The results showed that the tree species including Platanus acerifolia,Ginkgo biloba,Cedrus deodara,Prunus cerasifera,Koelreuteria bipinnata,Fraxinus chinensis,Salix matsudana,Platycladus orientalis,Populus tomentosa,Sabina chinensis,Sophora japonica and Populus×Euramericana CV.“74/76’’)had stronger ecological adaptability for local environment;Photinia serrulata,Magnolia grandiflora,Eriobotrya japonica,Salix babylonica,Ligustrum lucidum and Paulownia fortune could adapt to local environment.The total ecological service value of 18 tree species followed the order Ginkgo biloba>Platanus acerifolia>Fraxinus chinensis>Populus×Euramericana CV.“74/76’’>Sophora japonica>Cedrus deodara>Eriobotrya japonica>Paulownia fortune>Photinia serrulata>Salix matsudana>Koelreuteria bipinnata>Ligustrum lucidum>Salix babylonica>Magnolia grandiflora>Populus tomentosa>Sabina chinensis>Platycladus orientalis>Prunus cerasifera.The tree species with higher comprehensive index of ecological adaptability and service were Populus×Euramericana CV.“74/76’’(2.17),Ginkgo biloba(2.01),Platanus acerifolia(1.67),Sophora japonica(1.53),Paulownia fortune(1.41),Fraxinus chinensi(1.14),Salix matsudana(1.02).The tree species with medium comprehensive index were Eriobotrya japonica(0.92),Koelreuteria bipinnata(0.83),Salix babylonica(0.80),Magnolia grandiflora(0.76),Photinia serrulata(0.72),Ligustrum lucidum(0.70),Populus tomentosa(0.67).The tree species with lower medium comprehensive index were Cedrus deodara(0.32),Prunus cerasifera(0.15),Sabina chinensis(-0.27),Platycladus orientalis(0.28).Therefore,the tree species with higher comprehensive index were recommended for afforestation in north central region of Henan province.