南方机械播种对不同甜玉米品种产量形成的影响

Effects of mechanical sowing on yield formation of different sweet corn varieties in southern area

为形成南方鲜食玉米区机械播种的农机农艺配套技术,筛选适合机播的甜玉米品种,选用6~7个甜玉米优良品种和勺式双行播种机,在珠三角垄作区(2016春种)、粤西平作区(2017春种)进行大田机播试验,每穴播2粒种子,研究机播对不同品种产量形成的影响。结果表明,粤甜28、粤甜27、粤甜26的鲜穗产量在2年均居前3位,具有较高的稳产性,年均鲜穗产量分别为16 919.6、17 910.0、15 320.4 kg/hm^2;种子萌发率85%以上、发芽势50%以上的品种有4个,说明从萌发角度可初筛适宜机播的品种;垄作区、平作区每穴出苗分别为0.81~1.22株、0.67~1.73株,间苗(空穴不补苗)后,平均存苗率87.6%、82.8%,存苗率最高的3个品种,在垄作区依次是粤甜28、粤甜27、粤甜26,在平作区依次是粤甜27、正甜68、粤甜28,说明从存苗率角度可筛选适宜机播品种;苗期整齐度前3位的品种是粤甜28、粤甜27、正甜68。从发芽率、发芽势、存苗率、产量稳定性可筛选适宜机播甜玉米品种,2年2区域的试验表明,粤甜28、粤甜27具有较高的萌发率、萌发势、苗期整齐度和稳定的鲜穗产量,适宜机播。

In order to form the technology of agricultural machinery and agronomy,the sweet corn varieties suitable for machinery sowing were selected in the southern fresh corn area.This study used 6~7 sweet corn varieties and spoonful double row planter.The mechanical seeding experiments were carried out in ridge cultivation in Pearl River Delta(spring of 2016)and various cultivation in the west of Guangdong Province(spring of 2017),respectively.The effects of machinery sowing on the yield formation of different sweet corn varieties were studied.The results showed that the fresh ear yield of Yuetian 28,Yuetian 27 and Yuetian 26 was the top three,and the yield stability was well in the two seasons,the average fresh ear yield of two seasons were 16 919.6,17 910.0,15 320.4 kg/hm2,respectively.Among 7 varieties,there were 4 varieties with seed germination rates in more than 85%,germination potential in more than 50%of all varieties.From the perspective of germination,we can preliminary screening suitable mechanical sowing of sweet corn varieties.In ridge cultivation and various cultivation,seedlings emergence per hole were 0.81~1.22 and 0.67~1.73 respectively.After thinning without filling the gaps with seedlings,the average rates of surviving seedings were 87.6%and 82.8%respectively.The highest surviving rates of the top three,in turn,were Yuetian 28,Yuetian 27,Yuetian 26 in ridge cultivation,and were Yuetian 27,Zhengtian 68 and Yuetian 28 in various cultivation.The result shows that from the perspective of seeding survival rate can preliminary screening suitable for mechanical sowing of sweet corn varieties.Two seasons of field trials showed that the highest uniformity of the top three varieties in seedling stage were Yuetian 28,Yuetian 27,and Zhengtian 68.Conclusion,from the seed germination rate,germination potential,rates of surviving seeding,and yield stability can preliminary screening suitable for mechanical planting varieties.From two sites and seasons of the test shows that Yuetian 27 and Yuetian 28 with higher germination rate,germination potential and seedling uniformity,and stability of fresh ear yield,are suitable for mechanical sowing.