陕西古茶树种质资源表型性状遗传多样性研究

The research on phenotypic traits genetic diversity of the ancient tea germplasm resources in Shaanxi province

古茶树种质资源研究和利用是我国茶树种质资源研究的新课题。为鉴定和评价陕西38份古茶树种质资源表型性状遗传多样性,利用相关性分析、主成分分析、聚类分析方法对其表型性状遗传多样性进行研究和分析。结果表明,陕西38份古茶树种质资源6个主要表型性状(叶面积、叶形、叶色、叶身、叶面隆起性、叶片着生角度)变异丰富,不同性状间遗传多样性指数不同,遗传多样性指数在0.7934~0.9969之间,平均遗传多样性指数为0.8811;在欧氏距离10时可将陕西38份古茶树种质资源聚类为2大类群,但并没有严格按照地域聚类,而是按照表型性状遗传多样性进行聚类。研究结果表明,陕西汉中、安康等地古茶树种质资源表型性状变异丰富,具有较高的遗传多样性和选育优异茶树种质资源的潜力。

The research and utilization of the ancient tea germplasm resources were the new topic in the reasearch of the tea germplasm resources in China.In order to identify and evaluate the phenotypic traits diversity index of the 38 ancient tea germplasm resources in Shaanxi,the phenotypic traits diversity index was researched and analyzed with the methods of the correlation analysis,the principal compoent analysis and the clustering analysis in the paper.The results showed that,the diversity and variation of the six main phenotypic traits(leaf size,leaf shape,leaf colour,leaf cross section,leaf upper surface and leaf attitude)of the 38 ancient tea germplasm resources in Shaanxi was abundant,the diversity index among the main phenotypic traits was different,the diversity index was between 0.7934-0.9969,and the average diversity index reaching 0.8811;the 38 ancient tea germplasm resources in Shaanxi could clustered into two large groups at the euclidean distance of ten,they were clustered accordance with the phenotypic traits diversity index,were not in strict accordance with the regional cluster.The variation of the ancient tea germplasm resources in Hanzhong and Ankang of Shaanxi was abundant,possessing the high genetic diversity and breeding potential of the excellent tea germplasm resources to a certain extent.