摘要
Cancer metastasis to bone is a three-dimensional(3D), multistep, dynamic process that requires the sequential involvement of three microenvironments, namely, the primary tumour microenvironment, the circulation microenvironment and the bone microenvironment. Engineered 3D approaches allow for a vivid recapitulation of in vivo cancerous microenvironments in vitro, in which the biological behaviours of cancer cells can be assessed under different metastatic conditions. Therefore, modelling bone metastasis microenvironments with 3 D cultures is imperative for advancing cancer research and anti-cancer treatment strategies. In this review, multicellular tumour spheroids and bioreactors, tissue engineering constructs and scaffolds, microfluidic systems and 3D bioprinting technology are discussed to explore the progression of the 3D engineering approaches used to model the three microenvironments of bone metastasis. We aim to provide new insights into cancer biology and advance the translation of new therapies for bone metastasis.
Cancer metastasis to bone is a three-dimensional(3D), multistep, dynamic process that requires the sequential involvement of three microenvironments, namely, the primary tumour microenvironment, the circulation microenvironment and the bone microenvironment. Engineered 3D approaches allow for a vivid recapitulation of in vivo cancerous microenvironments in vitro, in which the biological behaviours of cancer cells can be assessed under different metastatic conditions. Therefore, modelling bone metastasis microenvironments with 3 D cultures is imperative for advancing cancer research and anti-cancer treatment strategies. In this review, multicellular tumour spheroids and bioreactors, tissue engineering constructs and scaffolds, microfluidic systems and 3D bioprinting technology are discussed to explore the progression of the 3D engineering approaches used to model the three microenvironments of bone metastasis. We aim to provide new insights into cancer biology and advance the translation of new therapies for bone metastasis.
基金
funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81672205)
National Key R&D Programme (2016YFC1102100)
Innovation Programme for Ph.D Students in Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (BXJ201729)
