基于轴箱弹簧故障状态的铁路客车动力学性能分析

Analysis of Railway Passenger Car Dynamics Performance Based on Axle Box Spring Failure Condition

假设轴箱弹簧断裂后仅发生垂直坐落且不考虑构架结构的扭转刚度影响,建立了轴箱弹簧发生断裂后的两种故障状态模型:断裂接触和断裂失效,并以此建立了6种故障工况的铁路客车动力学模型,对比分析了各故障工况对动力学性能的影响。结果表明:6种轴箱弹簧故障工况下的轮轴横向力和脱轨系数指标与正常工况时差别不大;内外簧全部断裂失效工况下引起的轮重减载率指标比正常工况增大14%;轴箱弹簧故障状态中,外簧断裂失效工况下引起的构架横向加速度比正常工况增大5%,而内外簧全部断裂但仍接触工况下引起的构架垂向加速度比正常工况增大12%;轴箱弹簧故障对车体平稳性的影响有限,且仅表现在垂向,横向几乎不变。

It is assumed that a broken axle box spring only falls along the vertical direction,and the bogie frame's twist stiffness is ignored.Two mechanical models of axle box spring under failure conditions were considered,namely:breaking but still contacting type,breaking and losing type.Then vehicle dynamics model considering six failure cases was established.Also their influences on vehicle dynamics performances were analyzed.Simulation results indicate that wheelset lateral force and derailment are nearly the same as those in normal case when an axle box spring is in failure case.If inner and outer springs were both failed in breaking and losing type,wheel unloading is 14%larger than that in normal case.If outer spring was failed in breaking and losing type,lateral acceleration of frame is 5%larger than that in normal case.If inner and outer springs were both failed in breaking but still contacting type,vertical acceleration of frame is 12%larger than that in normal case.Besides,vertical riding index in failure case is a little larger than that in normal case while lateral riding index is almost unchanged.