种植户农业雇佣生产行为选择及其影响效应分析——基于黑龙江和内蒙古大豆种植户的面板数据

The Behavior of Agricultural Production with Wage Labor and Its Efficiency: An Analysis Based on Panel Data on Soybean Growers in Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia

雇佣生产既是农户获取农业生产要素、提高农业资源配置效率的有效方式,也是当前农村经济社会变革背景下一种重要的农业生产方式。本文利用黑龙江和内蒙古两地大豆种植户的面板数据,建立时期固定效应模型、个体固定效应模型和双向固定效应模型,分别对样本数据进行拟合,结果表明:劳动力雇佣水平、农机作业外包水平、管理人员聘用水平和信息服务购买水平4个指标均对种植户大豆单产具有正向影响。其中,农机作业外包水平的影响效果最明显。分类样本的拟合结果显示,农机作业外包对普通大豆种植户产出水平的影响更为明显,而雇佣劳动力对新型农业经营主体产出水平的影响更大。此外,田间管理环节劳动力雇佣水平的系数最高,表明该环节劳动力投入对大豆生产的影响最明显;而收割和整地环节则是农机作业外包水平的影响最大。

Agricultural production with wage labor is an important means of agricultural production under the background of rural economic and social reform.It is an effective way to obtain agricultural production factors and to improve the allocation efficiency of agricultural resources.This article analyzes sample panel data from Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia with three kinds of models,including a period fixed effect model,an individual fixed effect model and a two-way fixed effects model.The results show that four indicators,including labor force employment,technical service employment,management staff employment and information service purchase,have positive effects on the soybean yield,and the indicator of technical service employment of growers has the most significant effect.A classified sample analysis shows that the indicator of technical service employment has the most significant effect on production efficiency for small-scale soybean growers,and the effect of labor force employment on the production efficiency of large-scale soybean growers appears more obvious.The results further show that the index estimation coefficient of labor force employment on field management stage is the highest,which indicates that wage labor has a great effect on production efficiency.By contrast,the index estimation coefficient technical service employment on harvesting and preparation stages seems the most significant.